Today, hundreds of millions of people do not have access to improved sources of drinking water 3,4, leaving them at risk for water, sanitation, and hygiene wash related diseases. The causes for the diseases are the contamination of water by improper drainage management, adding effluents with the water source, over population and the deficiency of the awareness among. Of these diseases, diarrhoea alone killed over 700,000 indians in 1999 estimated over 1,600 deaths each day. Introduction ithe classification of waterrelated disease poses particular problems. This means that one or more substances have built up in water to the extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye problems. The solar impulse label is granted to innovative solutions to water pollution that meet high standards of sustainability and profitability.
Water pollution, sources of water pollution, harmful chemicals, infectious diseases. Transmission of these pathogens occurs while using infected water for drinking, food preparation, and. The resulting water pollution is a serious threat to the wellbeing of both the earth and its population. Water pollution is any contamination of water with chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human, plant, or animal health. A few dead fish floating on the surface of a pond or lake is not necessarily cause for alarm. Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers, oceans, lakes and swamps. The contamination could be caused by physical debris such as plastic water bottles or rubber tires, or it could be chemical such as the runoff that finds its way into waterways from factories, farms, cities, cars, sewage treatment facilities, and air pollution. Waterborne diseases are the ones caused by pathogenic microbes spread via contaminated water. Effective management must ensure that the best use is made of available supplies, including protection from pollution, and should seek to limit conflicts over access. Worldwide in 2015, 500,000 children died from diarrheal illnesses, most of which are caused by unsafe water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene 3,4. Water pollution water pollution may be defined as alteration in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on human and aquatic life. Water pollution in pakistan and its impact on public. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.
Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking water or eating food washed in water containing protozoa that can cause infections like toxoplasmosis or giardiasis, containing viruses like polio or hepatitis a, water with bacteria like li, cholera or typhoid fever or water with parasites like hookworm and ringworm. Mehtab haseena, muhammad faheem malik, asma javed, sidra arshad, nayab asif, sharon zulfiqar and jaweria hanif department of zoology, university of gujrat, pakistan accepted on july, 2017 keywords. The presence of natural or nonnatural pollutants in water resulting from human activity such as the introduction of harmful agricultural and industrial pollutants into rivers that could be the. Leachates from refuge dumps percolates into the soil and contaminate underground water. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies e. Probable and incessant changes in both rainfall and air. Egypt water resources 2011 2012 in billion m3 water pollution in egypt. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies.
It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned. Both for the purpose of this research, emphasis are on water pollution and control. The increasing pollution of drinking water sources in pakistan and the consequent effects on human health and the environment is an issue of great concern. Water borne diseases including cholera, dracunculiasis, typhoid fever, diarrhea, ulcers, hepatitis, arsenicosis, respiratory tract infection, kidney damage, and endocrine damages are very risky. Global wash health burden global water, sanitation and. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater usually caused due to human activities. There are numerous waterborne diseases that are a direct result of water pollution. Water pollution occurs any time that contaminants are discharged. Waterrelated disease may be classified in terms of the agents responsible and the types of water exposure, but for surveillance purposes, the classification system must also include the probability of association with water, since multifactorial aetiology is involved in most, if not all, of the waterrelated diseases.
Water pollution is one of the inevitable humaninduced climate change issues that called for urgent remedial measures. Proper selection and protection of the water resource is of prime importance in the provision of safe drinkingwater. Water pollution unsafe water source and inadequate sanitation occupational exposures to chemical toxicants soil pollution caused by heavy metals and. Water pollution occurs when a body of water becomes contaminated. Water pollution water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels international level down to individual aquifers and wells. Study finds that these kinds of pollutions are not only seriously affecting the human by diseases and problems but also the animals and trees plants. Each solution goes through a strict assessment process. Pollution of river bodies has become a major problem that is becoming critical because of. It causes frequent passage of loose, water stools that can cause dehydration and death to young children and infants.
Water pollution is a global issue that needs the evaluation and careful scrutiny of all the water resources and it is suggested that the water pollution is the major reason of deaths and diseases in the world. Water can contaminate food during irrigation, and fish and seafood from polluted water may also contribute to the disease. Water pollution is not only confined to surface water but also spread to groundwater, sea, and ocean. Water pollution prevention and control water pollution, chemical water microbiology. Food is another major cause of diarrhoea when it is prepared or stored in unhygienic conditions. According to some estimates, every year a few million americans are made ill by polluted water. Discover its main causes and effects, but also technological solutions and how you can contribute to solve it. To prevent the disease, wash your hands regularly, maintain good hygiene and drink clean water. Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are transmitted in water. Pollution the worlds largest environmental cause of disease. All of these sources of pollution are preventable with good governance, proper infrastructure, and enforcement of existing regulations for the benefit of the poorest through to the richest in egypt we cannot survive with out clean water. The water pollution accounts for the death of nearly 14,000 people per day and in this issue, if we talk about india then it is estimated. The exposure to environmental pollution caused by soil contaminants may result in an increased risk for developing a series of conditions. Infectious diarrhea is one of the most common diseases caused by water pollution.
Technical guidance on waterrelated disease surveillance page 30. Water pollution, the release of substances such as chemicals or microorganisms and energy in the form of radioactivity or heat into surface and subsurface waters to the point where they interfere with beneficial use of the water or with the natural functioning of ecosystems. Pollution of water happens on many levels and affects human health in many ways. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. Report,1965,restoring the quality of our environment, president science committee, washington usa. Yet, in the context of environmental health, prevention is much broader, because exposure to many contaminants is beyond the control of individuals and historically has been most effectively reduced by government programs and regulations12 e. Water pollution involves the pollution of surface waters andor groundwater, which may cause a series of diseases referred to as water pollution diseases. Pdf causes, effects and solution of water polution. Soil pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. Water pollution is any change in the physical, chemical or biological properties of water that will have a detrimental consequence of any living organism. Water pollution national institute of environmental.
Sources of water pollution water pollution in nigeria according to gbamanija 1998 arises from various activities, among which are. Agents, diseases and types of exposures are well documented, but the relationship between them is. Biological poisons biotoxins are water pollutants produced by. Addition of certain substances such as organic, inorganic, biological and radiological to the water, which degrades the water quality and makes it unhealthy for use. While access to drinking water in india has increased over the past decade, the tremendous adverse impact of unsafe water on health continues. Water pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. Abdul azeemtextile processingntu water pollution introduction what is water pollution. The world bank estimates 21% of communicable diseases in india are water related. Waterrelated diseases and contaminants in public water systems centers for disease control and prevention information and links to top 10 waterborne illnesses and outbreaks in public water systems. Pdf polluted and dirty water is very harmful for living organisms especially for health of humans. Factors that contribute to water pollution can be categorized into two different groups point sources nonpoint sources point sources are the easiest to identify and. Water pollution means any substance that makes water dirty. Worldwide, nearly 2 billion people drink contaminated water that could be harmful to their health. I classification of waterrelated disease r stanwellsmith encyclopedia of life support systems eolss or on food poisoning.